Robert Bork - Wikipedia. Robert Bork. Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

In office. February 9, 1. February 5, 1. 98. Appointed by. Ronald Reagan. Preceded by. Carl E. Mc. Gowan. Succeeded by. Clarence Thomas. United States Attorney General.

Acting. In office. October 2. 0, 1. 97. December 1. 7, 1. President. Richard Nixon. Preceded by. Elliot Richardson. Succeeded by. William B.

Saxbe. Solicitor General of the United States. In office. March 2.

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January 2. 0, 1. 97. President. Richard Nixon. Gerald Ford. Preceded by. Erwin Griswold. Succeeded by. Daniel Mortimer Friedman(Acting)Personal details. Born. Robert Heron Bork(1. March 1, 1. 92. 7Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.

S. Died. December 1. Arlington County, Virginia, U. S. Political party. Republican. Spouse(s)Claire Davidson (1. Mary Ellen Pohl (1.

Education. University of Chicago(B. A., J. D.)[1]Robert Heron Bork (March 1, 1. December 1. 9, 2. American judge, government official, and legal scholar who advocated the judicial philosophy of originalism. Bork served as a Yale Law School professor, the United States Solicitor General, the Acting United States Attorney General, and as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1. 98. 7, President Ronald Reagannominated Bork to the Supreme Court, but the United States Senate rejected his nomination. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bork pursued a legal career after attending the University of Chicago.

After working at the law firm of Kirkland & Ellis, he served as a Yale Law School professor. He became a prominent advocate of originalism, calling for judges to hew to the framers' original understanding of the United States Constitution. Bork also became an influential antitrust scholar, arguing that consumers often benefited from corporate mergers and that antitrust law should focus on consumer welfare rather than on ensuring competition. Bork wrote several notable books, including The Antitrust Paradox and Slouching Towards Gomorrah. From 1. 97. 3 to 1. Bork served as the Solicitor General under President Richard Nixon and President Gerald Ford, arguing several cases before the Supreme Court. War Full Movie.

In the October 1. Saturday Night Massacre, Bork became Acting Attorney General after his superiors in the Justice Department resigned rather than fire Special Prosecutor. Archibald Cox, who was investigating the Watergate scandal.

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Bork fired Cox and served as Acting Attorney General until January 1. In 1. 98. 2, President Reagan appointed Bork to the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. After Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell announced his impending retirement, Reagan nominated Bork to the Supreme Court in 1.

Senate debate. Opposition to Bork centered on his stated desire to roll back the civil rights decisions of the Warren and Burger courts and his role in the Saturday Night Massacre. Peter Full Movie Part 1. Bork's nomination was defeated in the Senate, with 5. Senators opposing his nomination. The Supreme Court vacancy was instead filled by another Reagan nominee, Anthony Kennedy.

Bork resigned his judgeship in 1. George Mason University School of Law and other institutions. He also advised presidential candidate Mitt Romney and was a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the Hudson Institute before his death in 2. Early career and family[edit]Bork was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father was Harry Philip Bork, Jr. Elisabeth (née Kunkle; 1.

His father was of German and Irish ancestry, while his mother was of Pennsylvania Dutch (German) descent.[3] He was married to Claire Davidson from 1. They had a daughter, Ellen, and two sons, Robert and Charles. In 1. 98. 2 he married Mary Ellen Pohl,[4] a Catholic religious sister turned activist.[5]Bork attended the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut[6] and earned bachelor's and law degrees from the University of Chicago. While pursuing his bachelor's degree he became a brother of the international social fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta. While pursuing his law degree he served on Law Review. At Chicago he was awarded a Phi Beta Kappa key with his law degree in 1.

Illinois that same year. After a period of service in the United States Marine Corps, Bork began as a lawyer in private practice in 1. Kirkland & Ellis[7] in Chicago, and then was a professor at Yale Law School from 1. Among his students during this time were Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Anita Hill, Robert Reich, Jerry Brown, John R.

Bolton, Samuel Issacharoff, and Cynthia Estlund.[8][9]Advocacy of originalism[edit]Bork was best known for his theory that the only way to reconcile the role of the judiciary in the U. S. government against what he terms the "Madisonian" or "counter- majoritarian" dilemma of the judiciary making law without popular approval is for constitutional adjudication to be guided by the framers' original understanding of the United States Constitution. Reiterating that it is a court's task to adjudicate and not to "legislate from the bench," he advocated that judges exercise restraint in deciding cases, emphasizing that the role of the courts is to frame "neutral principles" (a term borrowed from Herbert Wechsler) and not simply ad hoc pronouncements or subjective value judgments. Bork once said, "The truth is that the judge who looks outside the Constitution always looks inside himself and nowhere else."[1.

Bork built on the influential critiques of the Warren Court authored by Alexander Bickel, who criticized the Supreme Court under Earl Warren, alleging shoddy and inconsistent reasoning, undue activism, and misuse of historical materials. Bork's critique was harder- edged than Bickel's, however, and he has written, "We are increasingly governed not by law or elected representatives but by an unelected, unrepresentative, unaccountable committee of lawyers applying no will but their own." Bork's writings influenced the opinions of judges such as Associate Justice. Antonin Scalia and Chief Justice. William Rehnquist of the U. S. Supreme Court, and sparked a vigorous debate within legal academia about how to interpret the Constitution. Some conservatives criticized Bork's approach.

Conservative scholar Harry Jaffa criticized Bork (along with Rehnquist and Scalia) for failing to adhere to natural law principles.[1. Robert P. George explained Jaffa's critique this way: "He attacks Rehnquist and Scalia and Bork for their embrace of legal positivism that is inconsistent with the doctrine of natural rights that is embedded in the Constitution they are supposed to be interpreting."[1.

Antitrust scholar[edit]At Yale, he was best known for writing The Antitrust Paradox, a book in which he argued that consumers often benefited from corporate mergers, and that many then- current readings of the antitrust laws were economically irrational and hurt consumers. He posited that the primary focus of antitrust laws should be on consumer welfare rather than ensuring competition, as fostering competition of companies within an industry has a natural built- in tendency to allow, and even help, many poorly run companies with methodologies and practices that are both inefficient and expensive to continue in business simply for the sake of competition, to the detriment of both consumers and society. Bork's writings on antitrust law—with those of Richard Posner and other law and economics and Chicago School thinkers—were influential in causing a shift in the U.

S. Supreme Court's approach to antitrust laws since the 1. Solicitor General[edit]Bork served as solicitor general in the U.

S. Department of Justice from March 1. Watch Song Of Paris Online Freeform. As solicitor general, Bork argued several high- profile cases before the Supreme Court in the 1. Milliken v. Bradley, where Bork's brief in support of the State of Michigan was influential among the justices.

Chief Justice Warren Burger called Bork the most effective counsel to appear before the court during his tenure.